What is the difference between the greater and lesser oaths of allegiance (bay'ah), to whom are they given, and what is the ruling on one who breaks them?

If the questioner, by "al-Bay'ah al-Kubra" (the Greater Pledge of Allegiance), means the general pledge of allegiance to the Imam of the Muslims, then its meaning, to whom it is given, its ruling, and the ruling on breaking it have been clarified in fatwas numbered: 33228, 30943, and 41862.

And if he means by "al-Bay'ah as-Sughra" (the Lesser Pledge of Allegiance) a pledge to someone other than the Imam, such as scholars, preachers, or contemporary Islamic groups, then its ruling can be reviewed in fatwas numbered: 130411 and 141628.