What is the ruling on shares and their profits, and is it permissible for me to repay my father what I took from the share profits with the money Allah has provided me?

The summary of the fatwa is that if someone took money from his father without his permission, invested it, and made a profit from it, then the profit follows the principal according to some scholars (Abu Hanifa, Ahmad, and Ibn Hazm). Others (Malikis and Shafi'is) believe that the profit is a consequence of the effort expended, while a third group holds that the profit is to be shared between them, which is the view preferred by Sheikh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah. Based on this last preference, the person who took the money is entitled to half the profit, and he must return the original principal and half the profit to his father's estate.