ما هو عذر الجهل الذي يسقط تكفير من ترك الصلاة عمدًا، وهل يتعلق بجهل فرضيتها أم بجهل كفر تاركها؟

The ignorance that excuses its perpetrator is ignorance of the ruling, such as one who neglects an obligation or commits a forbidden act, while not knowing that it is so. As for one who knows that an act is forbidden, but is ignorant of the punishment entailed by it, he is not excused, because he proceeded with the disobedience while being aware. The proof for this is the Prophet's (peace be upon him) question to the adulterer: "Do you know what adultery is?" and the Hadith of Ma'iz, whose punishment was not waived due to his ignorance of the penalty. So, whoever commits adultery while not knowing that adultery is forbidden, is excused by his ignorance. But whoever knows that adultery is forbidden and is ignorant that the punishment for an adulterer is stoning, is not excused, and the punishment must be carried out on him. Ignorance of the punishment is not an excuse, whereas ignorance of an act being forbidden is the excuse.