What is the difference between the principles of exegesis (usul al-tafsir) and the sciences of the Qur'an ('ulum al-Qur'an)?
The fundamentals of (exegesis) are rules for understanding the meanings of the Qur'an, including its rulings and doctrines. They encompass interpreting the Qur'an by the Qur'an, then by the , then by the sayings of the Companions, then by the Tabi'in, and then by the Arabic language. Among the books on this subject is "Muqaddimah fi Usul al-Tafsir" (An Introduction to the Fundamentals of Exegesis) by Ibn Taymiyyah. As for the sciences of the Qur'an ('Ulum al-Qur'an), they include every science related to the Qur'an, such as Tajwid (recitation rules), Qira'at (readings), Rasm (orthography), I'jaz (inimitability), Mushkil al-Qur'an (ambiguous passages of the Qur'an), and al-Nasikh wa al-Mansukh (abrogating and abrogated verses). The fundamentals of Tafsir are a part of the sciences of the Qur'an; thus, the sciences of the Qur'an are more general, and the fundamentals of Tafsir are more specific.
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