Which Islamic books treat psychological ailments in a way that differs from Western psychoanalysis and psychotherapy?
Psychology, with its principles and branches, is present in Islam, and its primary references are the Quran and the . The soul (Nafs) and the intellect (Aql) are among the necessities that Islamic law came to preserve. The Holy Quran and the Prophetic traditions have spoken about the human soul and its types (the tranquil, the reproaching, the commanding), and about the diseases of the hearts and their healing. Noble verses have mentioned this meaning. One can refer to books of (Quranic exegesis), commentaries, and books on ethics and spiritual purification, especially those by Ibn Al-Qayyim, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Khaldun, and Al-Raghib Al-Isfahani.
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