Is the fasting person considered to have broken their fast if they ate Suhur believing that the dawn adhan had not yet been called, and then were surprised by the iqamah for prayer? And what is the ruling on the twenty preceding days that they fasted as expiation—should they complete based on them or start anew? And is it obligatory to begin fasting with the start of the Hijri month?

One who intends to fast must abstain from things that invalidate the fast based on one of two matters: knowing the rise of the true dawn through observation, or emulating a trustworthy muezzin who is knowledgeable of the times. If you ate, doubting the rise of dawn, and then became certain of its rise, scholars have differed regarding the validity of your fast. According to the view that your fast is invalid, you must make up one day instead of the mentioned day, and the continuity of the fast is not broken by this if it did not happen intentionally. The previous twenty days of expiatory fasting will be counted for you. Fasting is not obligatory at the beginning of the Hijri month; rather, it is permissible from its middle or end.