What is the ruling on delaying the disbursement of a vowed offering, if a man vowed to donate 10% of his salary for one year for the construction of a mosque, then was compelled to postpone that due to other obligations, and what are the outlets for ongoing charity (sadaqah jariyah)?

It is obligatory to fulfill a vow to donate a portion of one's wealth upon achieving a desired outcome, as it is a vow of obedience. This fulfillment must be immediate upon capability. There is no harm in delaying it if there is a genuine excuse preventing its fulfillment. Furthermore, the vowed donation must be spent on the specific purpose for which it was designated, and it is not permissible to spend it on another purpose. As for Sadaqah Jariyah (ongoing charity), it is that whose reward continues for its giver even after his death, such as an endowment (waqf).