What is the ruling on performing the first Hajj on behalf of one's mother, if she is able to perform Hajj with extreme difficulty, and what is the ruling on the one who performs Hajj on her behalf, after she has been chosen for Hajj and insists on performing it alone, due to the children's concern for her advanced age?

If the mother does not find a mahram to travel with her for Hajj, she is not considered capable (mustati’ah), and Hajj is not obligatory upon her. Some scholars permit her to travel for the obligatory Hajj with a trustworthy group (rufqa ma’munah), and this is the relied-upon opinion (al-mufta bihi). If she does not find a mahram, it is not permissible for her to appoint someone else to perform Hajj on her behalf (al-inabah), as inabah is for one who has a continuous inability. It is not permissible to perform Hajj on behalf of a living person except with their permission. If the mother is not continuously unable, then performing Hajj on her behalf does not absolve her of the Hajj of Islam.