Is it permissible for a woman to marry another man with the permission of her guardian after having married a man online by saying, "I give myself to you in marriage according to the Sunnah of Allah and His Messenger," in jest, without intending marriage, and having interacted with him via microphone, knowing that the man refused to divorce her and claimed there were witnesses she did not see?

For a marriage to be valid, the presence of the woman's guardian (wali) and two witnesses is required, based on the Prophet's (peace be upon him) sayings: "There is no marriage except with a guardian," and "Any woman who marries without the permission of her guardian, her marriage is invalid." Therefore, a marriage without a guardian and witnesses is unanimously invalid and is not recognized Islamically. It does not require a divorce and necessitates a Hadd punishment, due to the absence of any semblance of legality.