Is it permissible to work without transferring sponsorship in Saudi Arabia, and what is the ruling on the salary resulting from that?

The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "It is not befitting for a believer to humiliate himself." The humiliation of oneself was interpreted as exposing oneself to an unbearable affliction. Accordingly, if work results in harm to you, then you should not undertake it. However, if no harm results, then there is no objection to it, because the basic principle is the permissibility of work and seeking benefit.