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The question

Are the "Romans" meant to be the Orthodox Christians of Europe, based on the fact that the Byzantine Church was Orthodox?

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Source: FtawySummary from Ftawy's records · added here Sep 2, 20261 min readAlso available in العربية
The answer

The Byzantines (Rum), in the understanding of ancient Arabs, were the Christians of Europe who held its dominion and rule, along with their followers. They were nicknamed "Banu al-Asfar" (Children of the Yellow) due to their fair complexion. Their borders extended eastward and northward to the Turks, Khazars, and Russians, southward to Syria and Alexandria, and westward to the sea and Andalusia. This name predominantly referred to a mixed nation composed of Greeks, Slavs, and Romans, who formed a kingdom occupying parts of Europe and Asia Minor. Constantine founded the new city of Rome (Constantinople) in ancient Byzantium in 324 CE, where he established a large church (Hagia Sophia). This church became known as the Greek Orthodox Church, which differed from the Egyptian Church regarding the nature of Christ. It agreed with the Western Catholic Church that Christ has two natures and two wills, and it includes the churches of Jerusalem, Greece, Russia, and Eastern Europe.

Summary from Ftawy's records · added here

Reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.

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Where this answer came from
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Ftawy
Original fatwa ID
1958
Added here
. This is when the answer was added to El Fatwa, not the fatwa's date.
Text
Summary from Ftawy's records, reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.
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Read the full answer on Ftawy