Does my failure to greet a teacher who insulted and offended me, and whom I despise, prevent my deeds from being raised to God, due to a Hadith stating that the deeds of disputants are not raised?

Originally, it is permissible to seek redress from an oppressor and to shun whoever causes harm through their association, based on the Almighty's saying: "And whoever takes retribution after being wronged – for them there is no cause [for blame]," and this does not preclude forgiveness.

However, it is necessary to emphasize the teacher's position, as the intent behind their actions might be good.

Therefore, it is advisable to speak with them gently and explain what you dislike about their actions with the politeness appropriate for dealing with a teacher.

If you do that, the dispute will end. And forgiving the one who errs, especially if they are among the people of virtue, is a good deed for which one is rewarded.