What is the ruling on dealing with parents who cause their son to lose his future, prevent him from completing his education, deprive him of his right to inheritance, and whose mother treats him badly? Is it better for the son to take his inheritance and disavow them, or should he pray for death upon himself?

It is forbidden to wish for death, and one must be content with Allah's decree, acknowledging that your share of your father's inheritance is your right, and whoever takes it has committed an injustice. However, the advisability of separating your inheritance cannot be definitively determined without knowing your specific situation, though your mother's consent would make it closer to what is right.