Is prayer to be counted from the beginning of the appearance of pubic hair or from the time of menstruation? What is the age of legal responsibility (takleef)? Is it obligatory to make up for prayers missed since puberty? Is expiation (kaffarah) required along with making up the prayers?

A woman reaches puberty by one of four signs: emission of semen, growth of coarse hair around the private parts, reaching fifteen lunar years of age, or menstruation. Whichever of these signs appears first, the woman has reached puberty. If the time of puberty is unknown, the default is that it has not occurred, and puberty is estimated to be at the first certain sign. So, if you are not certain about the growth of coarse pubic hair before seeing menstruation, then puberty is from the time you saw menstruation. If you are certain that it grew before, then puberty is from the time it grew. If you are certain that you reached puberty and abandoned prayer, there is a difference of opinion among scholars regarding the obligation to make up the prayers. According to the view that making them up is obligatory, only the missed prayers need to be re-performed, and no expiation is required.