What are the terms and references indicative of the expressions of the Maliki imams in Fiqh, such as "the Shaykh," "he cited it as proof," or "he championed it"?
Among the most important references that dealt with the expressions and terminology of the Maliki imams are "Mawahib al-Jalil li Sharh Mukhtasar Khalil" by Al-Hattab, and the treatise "Al-Ikhtilaf al-Fiqhi fi al- al-Maliki: Asbabuhu wa Mustalahatuh" by Abdul Aziz Al-Khulaifi. Examples of their terminology include: "Al-Shaykh" refers to Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani, "Al-Shaykhan" refers to Ibn Abi Zayd and Al-Qabisi, "Al-Qarīnan" refers to Ashhab and Ibn Nafi', "Al-Akhawan" refers to Mutarrif and Ibn al-Majishun, and "Al-Imam" refers to Abu Abdullah Al-Mazari. "Al-Riwayāt" refers to the sayings of Imam Malik, "Al-Aqwal" refers to the sayings of his companions and those who came after them, "Al-Ittifaq" refers to the consensus of the madhhab's adherents, and "Al-Ijma'" refers to the consensus of scholars. If they attribute a verb to an unmentioned subject pronoun, such as "qāla" (he said) or "kariha" (he disliked), the intended meaning is Imam Malik. "Yanbaghi" (it is appropriate/should) means recommendation (istiḥbāb), and "lā ba's" (no harm/it's fine) means permissibility (ibāḥah).
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