What is the definition of a covenant with Allah and His Messenger, and is it permissible to make a covenant with others?

A covenant with Allah is a commitment and a pledge to a legitimate matter, and it is similar to a promise but is contingent on a condition. It is permissible for a creature to make a covenant with another creature, and he must fulfill his covenant. Breaking a covenant is one of the characteristics of practical hypocrisy, and Al-Haytami considered it among the major sins. His saying, the Almighty: "And those who fulfill their covenant when they make one" (2:177) includes covenants between creatures, and His saying, the Almighty: "Except for those with whom you made a treaty among the polytheists" (9:7) clarifies the covenant made with a creature.