What is the evidence and criterion that certain actions of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, such as his listening to the slave girl who was beating the drum, are specific to him and not for the general public?

The general principle regarding the actions of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is that they constitute legislation for the Ummah. It is not permissible to claim his exclusivity in any matter unless there is authentic evidence, based on the words of Allah Almighty: "There has certainly been for you in the Messenger of Allah an excellent pattern." The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, became angry with those who attributed his actions to exclusivity. Among the rulings specific to him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, are marriage without a dowry or a guardian, marrying more than four wives, and continuous fasting (wisal). These are matters for which a text has been revealed indicating exclusivity. As for the narration about the slave girl beating the drum in his presence, it is not exclusive to him. Scholars have permitted it upon the arrival of someone who has been absent, as an expression of joy, but the permissibility is limited to the drum and no other instruments, and only in the aforementioned circumstances.