How is the zakat calculated for a commercial shop, its merchandise, and the money remaining in the bank, given that the merchant has outstanding debts to and from him, and do tax and shop expenses affect the zakat?

Zakat is not obligatory on the premises designated for trade because it is not among the trade goods prepared for sale. As for the merchandise, Zakat is obligatory on it if its value reaches the nisab, and it is appraised at the completion of the hawl, with a quarter of one-tenth (2.5%) of its value being disbursed. Money held by others is subject to Zakat if its recovery is expected. However, if it is with a procrastinator or an insolvent person, Zakat becomes obligatory upon its retrieval for all past years. Debt is deducted from Zakat-eligible wealth if there is no other money to repay it. It is not permissible to consider taxes paid as part of Zakat, nor are business expenses deducted from Zakat-eligible wealth unless they are outstanding, unpaid debts.