Zakat on Business and Investments

• How does a man divide and purify the inheritance of his deceased mother, knowing that he used to manage the family's financial affairs from his salary and his mother's money, which he collected from her real estate business with her authorization, and that he did not differentiate between his money and hers?
• How is Zakat to be paid on commingled funds from the incomes of both spouses and the shop's income, all of which are invested in the shop's merchandise, given that there is no liquid money that has completed a full year?
• Is it permissible to give money from zakat funds to a girl who will embrace Islam—she works serving alcoholic beverages and cannot wear the hijab at work—with the intention of "reconciling hearts" (al-mu'allafah qulubuhum) to help her start her own business? And must she embrace Islam first to be eligible for zakat? And must her commitment to Islam be confirmed before giving her zakat? Or is it better to give the money as charity if there is disagreement about its permissibility from zakat?
• Is it permissible to borrow from charity funds to meet business needs, with the intention of returning them later?
• How is zakat calculated after a partner joins a business, knowing that zakat was previously paid four months before he joined?
• How is zakat paid on commingled funds in a business venture, knowing that the funds of each individual shareholder do not reach the nisab, and what is the nisab for zakat on commingled funds?
• Is debt repayment to be prioritized over the due zakat on business assets, especially in times of hardship and accumulating debts for building a home?
• "Is Zakat due on an amount of 90,000 pounds invested in a business for the purpose of growing the amount to be spent on an apartment for marriage (remaining value and finishing), knowing that there is a debt for purchasing the apartment of approximately 100,000 pounds to be paid in installments over two years, and if it is due, is it calculated on the value of the capital, or the annual profit, or both together? "
• What is the method for paying Zakat on business assets for which Zakat has not been paid for years, and on surplus funds in the bank from which the son's education is financed, and on rented and unrented offices, and on the car and the house?
• How is the Zakat due on money invested in agriculture and partnership financing in a brokerage firm to be paid?
• Is it permissible to pay Zakat on money after every business transaction, or must one wait for a full year to elapse?
• What should be done now, how can the past years be redeemed, and what is the amount of zakat on a business in which two partners participated with a capital of three thousand Libyan dinars five years ago, and the value of the capital reached, during the past year 1421 AH (2000 AD) in Muharram, [an unmentioned amount]?
• Is it permissible to obtain paid software and then donate its price to charity if it is not possible to pay its price to its owners?
• How is zakat paid on a laundry business that has been in operation for a full year: Is it based on the value of the equipment or on the profits, given that the profits have only been used to cover expenses?
• Is Zakat obligatory on business profits whose debts have not yet been settled?
• Is it permissible to give a colleague a portion of a 50 Riyal sum, received for performing a specific task in which the colleague did not participate, and is the colleague entitled to claim any of this sum?
• How is the zakat calculated for a sum of 90,000 Saudi riyals in a bank account that fluctuates, and is it permissible to give zakat to a friend without informing him that it is zakat, in order to help him pay the rent, knowing that there are those who are in greater need?
• Is it permissible to help a girl who works in a nightclub establish a small business, so that she may become chaste and earn lawful money, with a guarantee that she will not return to what she was doing?
• How is Zakat calculated on salary and saved amounts, especially if part of it is invested in a business facing losses, and is Zakat obligatory on circulating trade capital?
• 1. Is the aforementioned investment method, which relies on paying a fixed monthly percentage of the capital with profits settled later, religiously questionable or impermissible? 2. Is it permissible in Islamic law to pay Zakat on the monthly profits in advance installments throughout the year? 3. Is it correct to calculate Zakat only on the principal capital, without including the profits that are spent as soon as they are received? 4. In light of deteriorating conditions and the inability to recover the principal capital, is Zakat still obligatory on this money?
• Is it permissible to pay off a debt from Zakat funds?
• Is it permissible to benefit from the profits of a project established with money acquired through unlawful means, while donating the unlawful principal to Muslim welfare, given the impossibility of returning the money to its rightful owners?
• How is Zakat calculated on a sum of money that has reached the Nisab, but on which Zakat has not been paid previously, given that it has been owned for three years or more? Is it permissible to pay Zakat for only one year? Does the calculation of the hawl (one lunar year) begin from the date of the intention to pay Zakat, or from the date of possessing the money? And can a specific amount for Zakat be fixed for business money that fluctuates (increases and decreases)?
• Is zakat on agricultural produce (Ushr) obligatory upon a brother for his business project after the passing of a full year (hawl), and how is it calculated after deducting the debt amount, knowing that he did not repay his debt due to renovating and expanding the shop?