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What is meant by "what your right hands possess," and does it refer to a female slave, and what are her rights in Islam?

1 min readAlso available in العربية

"And those whom your right hands possess" can refer to male and female slaves, or it can refer to enslaved women (concubines and bondswomen). It is permissible for their owner to have intercourse with them without a marriage contract, by virtue of ownership. As for the rights of the enslaved concubine and slave, they are summarized as treating them with kindness and not burdening them with more than they can bear. Many hadiths have been narrated concerning this, among them the Prophet's (peace be upon him) will : "Prayer, and those whom your right hands possess," and his saying: "They are your brothers, your servants; Allah has placed them under your hands. So, whoever has his brother under his hand, let him feed him from what he eats, and clothe him from what he wears, and do not burden them with what overpowers them, and if you burden them, then help them." Special injunctions for kind treatment of concubines have also been reported.

Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026

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