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The question

How did the human lineage continue after Cain killed Abel, knowing that Abel had married his sister, and what was the duration between Prophet Adam and Prophet Noah?

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Source: FtawySummary from Ftawy's records · added here Sep 2, 20261 min readAlso available in العربية
The answer

There is nothing in the Qur’an or to indicate that Adam’s offspring were limited to Cain and Abel. Rather, Adam and Eve had many children. Historians have mentioned that Eve bore Adam one hundred and twenty sets of twins, or forty males and females in twenty sets of twins.

Some scholars are of the opinion that the lineage of all humanity traces back to Seth, son of Adam, and that the descendants of Adam’s other children, besides Seth, all perished and became extinct.

As for the period between Adam and Noah, peace be upon them both, it is mentioned in a authenticated by some scholars as ten centuries.

Summary from Ftawy's records · added here

Reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.

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Ftawy
Original fatwa ID
28826
Added here
. This is when the answer was added to El Fatwa, not the fatwa's date.
Text
Summary from Ftawy's records, reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.
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Read the full answer on Ftawy