How is the deceased to be washed and shrouded, and what qualities must the washer possess?

The washing of the deceased has etiquettes and rulings, among them: covering their 'awrah (private parts), stripping them of their clothes, facing them towards the qiblah, and slightly raising their head. Then, their abdomen is gently squeezed, and abundant water is poured, and their private exits are washed with a cloth while avoiding direct touching of the 'awrah. It is recommended to perform wudu' (ablution) for the deceased without inserting water into the mouth and nose. Their mouth and nose are cleaned with two fingers moistened with a cloth. Then, the intention for ghusl (ritual bath) is made, and the name of Allah is mentioned, and the head and beard are washed with sidr foam. Their right side is washed, then their left, then the entire body three, five, or seven times, passing the hand over the abdomen each time. Camphor is placed in the last wash. The mustache is trimmed, the nails are clipped, and the hair is not combed. Then, the body is dried with a cloth. If anything comes out after the ghusl, the exit is stuffed, the area is washed, and wudu' is performed, but the ghusl is not repeated after shrouding. A woman's hair is braided into three braids and allowed to hang down her back.

The washer should be trustworthy, honest, and knowledgeable about the rulings of ghusl. It is not permissible for them to mention the deceased's flaws unless there is a benefit in doing so. It is recommended to mention their good qualities. As for a deceased innovator, what appeared of their evil should be clarified to warn people against them. The most rightful person to wash the deceased is their executor, then the closest male relatives (asabah), and likewise for a woman. It is permissible for spouses to wash each other. A man or woman may wash a child who has reached seven years of age.

It is recommended for a man to be shrouded in three white, perfumed sheets, with embalming perfume placed between them and on the deceased. The shroud is tied and untied in the grave. Shrouding in a shirt, loincloth, and a sheet is permissible. A woman is shrouded in five garments: an izar (loincloth), a khimar (head covering), a qamees (shirt), and two sheets. The obligatory minimum is a garment that covers the entire deceased.