To what extent is it permissible to seek the help of jinn and devils – both Muslim and disbelieving – in cases of necessity? Is this considered sorcery, ruqyah, or something else, and what is its ruling in Islamic Sharia?

Dealing with jinn is not necessarily magic or polytheism; its ruling varies depending on its type and means. Whoever commands jinn to do what Allah and His Messenger have commanded is among the best of the awliya' (saints/devout believers). And whoever uses them for permissible matters is like one who uses humans for permissible matters. As for whoever uses them for what Allah and His Messenger have forbidden, such as sin and transgression, he is sinful, and it may reach the level of disbelief if he seeks their help for it. The preponderant view is that it is not permissible to use jinn, even if one of them claims Islam, due to their lies and deception. Many contemporary scholars have issued fatwas prohibiting this.