What is the ruling on a woman's prayer and ritual purity if a brown discharge, which continues intermittently for weeks, is discharged from her, then followed by a small amount of red menstrual blood, and then the brown discharge returns? And what must she do regarding the prayers she missed, assuming they were menstruation before the appearance of red blood?

If a woman sees brownish discharge outside of her regular menstrual period, it is not considered menstruation. Instead, she must take precautions, perform ablution, and pray. However, if this discharge occurs during her regular period, it is considered menstruation, and she must refrain from prayer and fasting. If she abstained from prayer thinking it was menstruation, it is safer to make up those prayers.