What is the difference between disbelievers (kafirin), polytheists (mushrikin), and hypocrites (munafiqin), along with the evidence?

A hypocrite is one who outwardly manifests Islam but inwardly conceals disbelief. A polytheist is one who directs what is due to Allah to other than Him, or to Him and to other than Him. A disbeliever is one who commits that which contradicts faith, whether through speech, belief, or action. Disbelief can be an inward denial, or hatred for Allah, His signs, and His Messenger, or an outward statement, or an outward action such as turning away from religion. Polytheism is a more specific category than disbelief.