Is a person who suffers from obsessions related to shirk and kufr—such as imagining prostrating to other than Allah, or associating Allah with mental images, or considering things and deities—considered to have committed kufr or shirk if they continue their prayers and deeds, ignoring these thoughts with the aim of getting rid of them?

We ask Allah to cure you of the whispers (waswas), and their cure is easy, Allah willing. Deal with these thoughts as illusions and whispers from Satan, having no reality. If it occurs to you to worship what is in front of you, do not pay attention and continue your prayer to Allah. And if you imagine Allah, then say to yourself: "Everything that comes to my mind, Allah is unlike that," for the imagined image is not Allah. By doing so, you will be saved, Allah willing.