What is the ruling on showing respect and honor to a disbeliever, and is it true that arrogance towards disbelievers is a sign of faith, while being commanded to be humble? Is it permissible to despise a disbeliever?

Respecting the non-belligerent disbeliever and showing kindness to him is considered among the commendable Islamic ethics. As for the belligerent disbeliever, it is legislated to show superiority towards him, to vex him and inflict harm upon him. And arrogance towards the arrogant is a charity, because if you humble yourself to him, he will persist in his error, but if you show arrogance towards him, he will become aware. Ibn al-Qayyim differentiated between humility and abasement; humility is the breaking of the heart before Allah and lowering the wing of submission and mercy towards His servants, whereas abasement is the debasing of oneself and its degradation in attaining its desires and lusts.