What is ritual purity (tahara)? What are its conditions? And how is it performed?

Purity is of three types: 1. Purity from sins and disobedience: This is the foundation. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, used to ask his Lord to purify him from them with snow, hail, and cold water, likening it to cleansing a white garment from dirt. 2. Purity from filth (sensory impurities): Such as filth from urine, feces, blood, and liquid intoxicants. These are removed with pure water until their color, taste, and smell are gone, except for the impurity of dogs and pigs, which must be washed seven times, one of them with earth. 3. Purity from ritual impurity (Hadath): Major ritual impurity (Hadath Akbar): Requires a ritual bath (Ghusl), such as the emission of semen, the disappearance of the glans (during intercourse), and the cessation of menstruation or post-partum bleeding for women. Minor ritual impurity (Hadath Asghar): Requires ablution (Wudu'), such as the emission of anything from the two private parts (urine, feces, pre-seminal fluid), touching the private parts with the palm of the hand, loss of consciousness, touching a non-mahram woman with desire, and eating camel meat according to some scholars.

Conditions for purity: Islam, discernment, removal of anything that prevents water from reaching the skin, removal of tangible impurities before washing, cessation of menstruation and post-partum bleeding, intention, and ensuring water covers the entire body during a ritual bath.