What is the ruling on manufacturing goods identical to samples bearing a registered and protected trademark, but which is not international and only known in its country? And is it permissible to manufacture them if the trademark is unprotected but has been promoted by others?

It is permissible to imitate samples and manufacture identical products, as long as it does not involve claiming that the product bears a protected trade name or placing a counterfeit trademark on it. This is because trademarks have financial value, and infringing upon them is not permissible. As for unprotected products, there is no harm in imitating them.