Is returning home and leaving work abroad—due to expatriation and distance from family and wife—considered a قطعًا للرزق (severing of one's provision) or a تمردًا على قضاء الله (rebellion against God's decree)? And is the continuation of such expatriation considered taking the necessary means (الأخذ بالأسباب)?

What you desire, which is to return to your country and family, does not constitute abandoning the taking of means. The means are not limited to working abroad. You will take the means of earning a livelihood in your country, and this is not a rebellion against God's decree or a sign of discontent with it, for contentment with the decree does not negate the taking of means. As long as you find sufficiency in your country, it is better not to be estranged from your family, especially if your absence from them has been prolonged. Ibn Abd al-Barr (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "In this hadith, there is evidence that prolonged estrangement from one's family without a compelling need, whether for religious or worldly reasons, is not proper and not permissible, and that whoever has fulfilled his need must hasten back to his family." There is no doubt that a man's residence with his wife and children includes legitimate, social, and psychological benefits. Sheikh Atiyyah Saqr (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "I also advise the husband not to prolong his absence, for what he spends when he returns to her at frequent intervals will provide her and his children with psychological happiness and moral chastity that the material wealth he traveled for cannot provide."