What is the ruling on a son's treatment of his father with words only after the father raised his voice at his son in front of his in-laws, which led to the annulment of the engagement, and is it permissible for the son to propose marriage on his own?

Allah has commanded kindness to parents and made it one of the greatest obligations, and He has forbidden disobedience to them, making it one of the greatest sins. No matter how much your father wrongs you, it is not permissible for you to disobey or mistreat him. Rather, you must address him with courtesy and gentleness. Allah Almighty says: "So do not say to them, 'uff,' and do not repel them but speak to them a noble word. And lower to them the wing of humility out of mercy and say, 'My Lord, have mercy upon them as they brought me up when I was small.'" As for your proposing to the girl alone, it is permissible, but you should avoid anything that displeases your father, unless he would prevent you without a valid reason. Strive to be dutiful to him and persuade him gently so that he is with you at the time of the proposal, for pleasing one's father is a path to success.