Must one make up the first day of Ramadan that was not fasted, and is expiation (kaffarah) obligatory for that?

Deliberately abandoning fasting without a valid excuse is considered a major sin. The one who abandoned it was obligated to fast and conceal their fasting, or spend most of their day outside the home to avoid their situation being discovered. If they feared their situation would be discovered and found no escape from breaking the fast, there is no sin upon them, and they are only required to make up the fast.

Al-Hafiz Ibn Rajab holds the view that whoever deliberately abandons fasting must make it up, while the Zahiris believe that there is no make-up for someone who deliberately breaks fast. This view has also been narrated from some companions of Al-Shafi'i and Abu Bakr Al-Humaydi.

What appears evident is that the person in question falls under the ruling of one with an excuse, not one who deliberately breaks fast. Therefore, they must make up the fast, and no expiation (kaffarah) is required of them.