Is one who considers musical instruments permissible, or one who disbelieves in the narrations about them, considered an infidel, taking into account the view of the Zahiris and the Egyptian Dar al-Ifta? And are musical instruments among what is known by necessity from religion?

The prohibition of musical instruments is not a matter known by necessity in the religion. The difference of opinion regarding their prohibition is very weak, to the extent that deeming them permissible is considered an anomalous view. However, it does not reach the level of apostasy (takfir) by considering them permissible. Eminent scholars, such as Ibn Hazm, did state their permissibility, and it is obligatory to seek forgiveness for them due to their error, without following their opinion. The belief that they did not say this out of caprice but rather out of an erroneous ijtihad (independent reasoning) is correct. This issue is far removed from the matter of takfir.