What is the ruling regarding a woman performing ghusl and beginning to pray and fast after the eighth day of her usual menstrual cycle (8-9 days) without seeing the sign of purity (tuhr), given the appearance of brown discharge that continued for three days before she saw complete purity? Does she have to make up these days, especially since she intended to make up 11 days? And what is the ruling regarding her fasting on a day in the past Ramadan when she thought she had attained purity due to a yellow discharge, but it became clear that it was not complete purity? Does she have to repeat this day if purity is not indicated by a yellow color? And how does a woman attain true purity?

A woman must learn the rulings of menstruation (hayd) and purity (tuhr), and the signs indicating them, such as dryness (jufūf) and the white discharge (al-qaṣṣah al-bayḍā’).

Yellowish discharge (ṣufrah) and brownish discharge (kudrah) are considered menstruation only during the period of a woman’s usual cycle. If the bleeding exceeds the duration of the usual cycle, it is still considered menstruation as long as it does not exceed fifteen days.

Accordingly: - Performing ghusl (ritual bath) before the cessation of menstrual blood is incorrect, and the days on which fasting occurred in this state must be made up. - Brownish discharge (kudrah) after performing ghusl, if it occurs outside the period of the usual cycle, is not menstruation, and there is no need to make up the days on which fasting occurred while it was present. However, the prayers performed after seeing the brownish discharge and before the second ghusl must be repeated. - If the yellowish discharge (ṣufrah) occurs during the period of the usual cycle, then the ghusl performed is invalid, and all prayers performed after it until true purity must be repeated. If the yellowish discharge occurs outside the period of the usual cycle, then the ghusl is valid. - Breaking the fast is obligatory if yellowish discharge (ṣufrah) is seen during the period of the usual cycle, and the days on which one broke the fast must be made up with the intention of making up the fast for each day made overnight.