Is it obligatory to obey a father who asks his veiled daughter not to wear black and to replace it with colored clothes, knowing that black is recommended and a Sunnah of the wives of the Prophet, may Allah's prayers and peace be upon him?

You must be dutiful to your father, show him reverence, and treat him with kindness, for he has great rights. Allah Almighty has coupled His Oneness with showing kindness to parents. Obedience to one's father is obligatory unless he commands something forbidden. Therefore, your disobedience to your father regarding the removal of the niqab is absolutely correct. However, there is no harm in obeying him concerning wearing clothes that are not considered adornment.