Does a divorce issued by a husband while angry, after his wife's insistence and repeated requests for divorce, take effect, knowing that he was aware of what he was saying?

You committed a sin by seeking divorce without a valid شرعي ( Shar'i / Islamic legal) excuse. The divorce pronounced by your husband, while he was conscious of what he was saying, is valid. Your husband may take you back before the 'iddah (waiting period) is complete, provided this divorce does not complete the three divorces.