How is zakat calculated on investment in murabaha sukuk that last for more than two years, taking into account the different cases of periodic profit distribution and investment dates?
Murabaha Sukuk are financial instruments that finance the purchase of a commodity which then becomes the property of the sukuk holder. If the company pays zakat on the funds, that is sufficient, provided the sukuk holder intends it as zakat. However, if the company does not pay zakat, then every owner of wealth must pay their zakat if the wealth reaches the nisab (595 grams of silver) and a full year has passed over it. This is done by paying zakat on the principal and its profit at a rate of 2.5%. If the profit cannot be determined, the principal is zakated first, and the profit's zakat is delayed until it can be ascertained. As for periodic profits, zakat is not due on them until a full year has passed over them. If the sukuk is an investment of pre-existing wealth, its zakat is due according to the hawl (one-year period) of the original wealth. However, if it is new wealth, its hawl begins from the date of its acquisition.
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