Does a divorce pronounced by a husband in a state of extreme anger, after he hit his wife for leaving the house without his permission, and the wife did not hear him, take effect?

If you uttered the divorce (talaq) while in a state of extreme anger, to the extent that you were not aware of what you were saying, then nothing is incumbent upon you. However, if you were aware of what you were saying, then your divorce is effective, and you may take your wife back (perform raj'ah) before her waiting period ('iddah) is complete, provided this divorce does not complete the third divorce.

And your wife leaving your home without your permission is considered 'nushuz' (disobedience/rebellion). It is not prescribed for you to strike her directly. Rather, you should have followed the Sharia methodology of gradual steps: admonition, then abandonment in the sleeping place, then a light, non-bruising striking as a final remedy for discipline, while avoiding the face and dangerous areas.