What is the ruling on a wife who refuses to wear the jilbab or niqab in Europe, claiming it is difficult, and is it permissible for the husband to force her to do so?

Allah has granted man the right of qawamah (guardianship/headship) over his wife, which means looking after their worldly and religious interests. He is obligated to ensure she fulfills the rights of Allah Almighty and avoids forbidden acts. The hijab is obligatory for women, and if the wife's clothing does not meet the conditions of the Sharia-compliant hijab, the husband must compel her to wear it.

Scholars have differed regarding the obligation of the niqab. However, according to the view that it is not obligatory, obedience to the husband in wearing it becomes obligatory. The husband is advised to approach his wife with wisdom, inform her about the statements of scholars regarding hijab and the obligation of obeying the husband, and help her strengthen her connection with her Lord. If wearing the niqab causes significant hardship in certain countries, there is no harm in adopting the view that permits uncovering the face.

It is not permissible to reside in non-Muslim countries except under specific conditions. If a woman is prevented from covering what she is obligated to cover, she must leave that country.