What is the ruling regarding a woman after an unlawful seclusion with a man who is a stranger to her, knowing that no adultery occurred? Is she considered an unmarried woman or not?

Unlawful seclusion (khalwa) results in sin and necessitates sincere repentance from both parties. Khalwa does not remove virginity, nor does it have any effect other than sin. However, the guardian (wali al-amr) may punish anyone who commits this act.