Did the questioner act wrongly by complaining to his manager about a colleague who tried to hack into his device to obtain information, knowing that the questioner's intention was to protect his work and its confidentiality?

If the matter is as described, then there is no blame upon you for what you did. It would have been better to advise your colleague and remind him of Allah before informing the manager. What you did is a preservation of trust. We advise your colleague with the saying of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: "From the excellence of a person's Islam is his leaving alone that which does not concern him," and his saying: "And do not spy."