Is it obligatory to establish every prayer that one performs individually, and does this ruling apply to women?

Scholars have differed concerning the ruling on the Adhan (call to prayer) and Iqamah (second call to prayer) for an individual praying alone, for a missed prayer, and for women. The most preponderant opinion is that it is recommended due to the general virtue of the Adhan and because it is a remembrance of Allah. The Adhan and Iqamah are recommended for an individual praying alone, but he should not vocalize it loudly in the mosque. As for women, the Adhan and Iqamah are not obligatory for them. The Iqamah is recommended for them without the Adhan, and if she performs the Adhan and Iqamah without raising her voice, there is no harm in that.