What is meant by "trade carried out by mutual agreement" in the noble verse, "O you who have believed, do not consume your property among yourselves by unlawful means, but [only] unless it is trade carried out by mutual agreement among you"?

Allah Almighty forbids believers from consuming wealth unjustly, such as through usurpation, theft, gambling, and extravagance. He permits them to consume it through trade and lawful earnings based on mutual consent.

Mutual consent is the satisfaction of both parties with what is indicated by word or custom, and it must be within the bounds of Islamic law. Usury and gambling are forbidden even with mutual consent.

Scholars differed on the completion of mutual consent in sales. Al-Shafi'i and some Companions held that it is upon the separation of the bodies after the contract, while Malik and Abu Hanifa held that it is upon the conclusion of the sale by verbal agreement.

The verse indicates the permissibility of selling something worth a hundred dirhams for one dirham if they mutually agree, and that the contract by word is a mutual consent from them, and they have no option to rescind. However, some have said that the sale can be rescinded if the overreaching (ghabn) exceeds one-third and the buyer was unaware.

Al-Shafi'i used this verse as an argument that a sale is not valid without acceptance to explicitly indicate mutual consent. The majority disagreed with him, validating sales by mutual exchange (بيع المعاطاة) in some circumstances.