Is prayer performed outside its prescribed time, and does it incur sin if offered even one minute after sunrise, taking into account the attempt to wake up using an alarm and overcoming sleep?

The time for Fajr prayer ends at sunrise. If the sun rises during the mentioned time, the prayer becomes a make-up (qada'). Sleeping through prayer can be an act of negligence for which one is sinful if they sleep after the prayer time has begun, knowing that they will not wake up until after its end. However, if one sleeps before the prayer time begins, there is no sin upon them.