What is the validity of the marriage of a young man residing in America to a foreign girl who embraced Islam, given that he did not obtain a marriage permit, the ma’dhoun refused to officiate the contract, and there were no witnesses?

Congratulations to the sister on her embracing Islam. Then, a clarification that a valid marriage has conditions, the most important of which are the guardian (wali) and witnesses. Documentation is not a condition for validity but rather ensures rights. No one can oversee the marriage of a Muslim woman except a Muslim. If she does not have a Muslim guardian, the Muslim judge or his representative marries her, or she can appoint a Muslim man as her agent. If the marriage is conducted according to Islamic law, it is valid. If it lacks a condition, such as the guardian, it is void and must be annulled, and it can be renewed.