What is the legal evidence from the Qur’an or Sunnah for the obligation upon a mature girl to make up the days she missed in Ramadan?

The obligation for a menstruating woman to make up for missed fasts is a ruling agreed upon by Muslims. The evidence for this from the Prophetic Sunnah (definition) is what Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated: "That used to happen to us, so we were commanded to make up for the fasts but not commanded to make up for the prayers." Scholars have unanimously agreed on this, explaining the difference between prayer and fasting by stating that prayers are numerous and recurring, making their make-up difficult, unlike fasting. Scholars have warned against speaking about Allah without knowledge, citing His (the Almighty's) saying: "Say, 'My Lord has only forbidden immoralities – what is apparent of them and what is concealed – and sin, and oppression without right, and that you associate with Allah that for which He has not sent down authority, and that you say about Allah that which you do not know.'"