What is the ruling on breaking a vow fast after having fasted one day of it, until after Ramadan?
If a Muslim vows to fast consecutive days in a specific month, such as vowing to fast the entire month of Sha'ban consecutively, and then breaks the fast for some reason, he must resume the consecutive fasting once again. This is the view of the Hanafis, Malikis, and Shafi'is. The Hanbalis, however, believe that he must offer an expiation for breaking an oath (kaffarat ) in addition to completing the fasting.
However, if the vow stipulated consecutive fasting but was not tied to a specific time, he must resume the consecutive fasting at any time, and there is no expiation due upon him according to the majority of scholars. The Hanbalis, on the other hand, do not obligate him to do anything more than complete the fasting, without resumption or expiation.
If the vowed fasting did not stipulate consecutiveness, then nothing is required of the one who made the vow except to fulfill the remainder of the vow when able.
Summary from Ftawy's records · added here
Reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.
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