Must a woman who secretly married, and whose husband then divorced her, observe the waiting period ('iddah), and what is its duration?

For a marriage (nikah (definition)) to be valid, it is a condition that it be solemnized by the woman's guardian (wali) or his agent, and that two just Muslim witnesses attest to it. Some imams, however, have allowed a woman to solemnize her own marriage, and some countries have adopted this view. If the marriage is conducted in court or by an authorized marriage officiant (ma'dhoun), it is ruled valid, and the spouses are not separated except by divorce. The divorced woman observes an iddah (definition) (waiting period) of three menstrual cycles if she menstruates.