What is the difference between Hajj and Umrah, and which one is performed first?
The difference between Hajj and in terms of ruling is that Hajj is a pillar of Islam and obligatory immediately upon the one who is able, whereas Umrah is a confirmed or obligatory, depending on the differing opinions among scholars.
As for the difference in rituals, both share , circumambulation (), striving (Sa'i), and shaving or shortening the hair. Hajj adds standing at Arafat and stoning the .
If the question is about which one is performed first upon arrival in Mecca, it depends on the person's intention at the time of Ihram: - The Mutamatti': performs Umrah first, then deconsecrates. When the Hajj days arrive, he assumes Ihram from his location in Mecca and performs his Hajj. - The Mufrid: performs his Hajj first. Once he completes his Hajj, he exits to the nearest boundary of the ( حل ) and assumes Ihram for Umrah. - The Qaarin: the rituals of Umrah are included in the rituals of Hajj. He performs the Tawaf of Arrival (Tawaf al-Qudum) and performs Sa'i for both Hajj and Umrah, remaining in his state of Ihram until he deconsecrates on the Day of Eid. A sacrifice (dam) is obligatory in this case, as it is also in the case of Tamattu'.
Summary from Ftawy's records · added here
Reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.
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