What is the medical specialty that should be consulted for the treatment of recurrent hysterical rage attacks, which lead to self-loathing and the desire for self-harm?

What you are experiencing could be a psychological or physical illness, or sorcery, or intrusive thoughts (waswas). You must resort to Allah by supplicating Him, persistently observing acts of obedience, refraining from sins, and regularly reciting the morning, evening, and situational adhkar. There is no objection to presenting your case to a specialist in psychiatry or physical medicine, for Allah has made a cure for every disease.